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Safety Law News for July 1, 2019.

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In Connecticut, the number of Manchester High School students who were arrested and referred to the juvenile justice system dropped sharply during the 2018-19 school year.  Eleven Manchester High School students were arrested in school during the 2018-19 school — less than half of the previous school year’s 28 arrests.  Local officials attribute the reduction to the implementation of restorative justice policies.  More incidents are being handled internally by administrators.

In Kentucky, budget cuts are forcing officials in the Jefferson County Public Schools to eliminate the 17 Louisville Metro Police officers who were serving as school resource officers at some of the district’s middle and high schools. No policies have been announced for school safety for the upcoming year.

In Arkansas, the Green Forest School District is implementing a comprehensive safe school plan.  The plan combines changes to school buildings, including numbered hallways, mirrors to see around corners, special windows, and speed bumps.  Several staff members have been armed.  Each campus has a dedicated police officer.

In New Hampshire, the legislature passed HB 564, establishing gun-free school zones across the state.  HB 564 forbids unauthorized individuals from carrying guns into schools, with exceptions for law enforcement, school resource officers, on-duty members of the armed forces and parents picking up kids – provided the gun remains in the motor vehicle.

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Safety Law News for June 24, 2019.

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In Wisconsin, the Madison School Board passed a contract to keep police officers in the district’s four main high schools.  Local community activists want all officers removed from the schools.  But the school board believes that it would be irresponsible to completely eliminate the school resource officer program.

In Kentucky, the School Safety and Resiliency Act, known as Senate Bill 1 during the past legislative session, will require every school to have intercoms, cameras and automatic locking doors at their main entrances, and locks on all their classroom doors by July 2022.

In California,  a Marin County Civil Grand Jury report released late last month found that having just one school resource officer for the county is insufficient. The Report calls for the sheriff’s office to assign two more full-time school resource officers.  The Report concludes that “School resource officers promote strong collaborative relationships between schools and law enforcement that … yields substantial benefits to students, schools, and their communities.”

In Iowa, the Iowa City School Safety Advisory Committee is recommending the creation of threat-assessment teams at secondary campuses.  Each team, made up of school-employed mental health professionals, school administrators, and law enforcement, would meet regularly to address issues like school shootings, self-harm and suicide by students, threats of violence, and professional development training for school officials.

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Safety Law News for June 19, 2019

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• In Nebraska, to combat vaping, officials in the Fairbury Public School District will begin randomly testing students for nicotine.  Educators noticed an alarming increase in students sneaking puffs of e-cigarettes: in locker rooms, restrooms and elsewhere on school grounds.  Now all students who participate in extracurricular activities will be subject to random nicotine testing.

• In Michigan, the U. S. District Court held that parents of a seven-year-old child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were entitled to sue a school resource officer and the City for placing the child in handcuffs in response to a disability-induced episode.  The court held that liability is appropriate when police fail to train its officers on appropriately interacting with juveniles who may have a disability.  Intentional discrimination may be inferred from the likelihood that inadequate training will result in a violation of federally protected rights. (McCadden v. City of Flint)

• In Arizona,  school resource officers are required to undergo new training on de-escalation and crisis intervention with students.  The requirement is due, in part, to a tweet by a state lawmaker to the Governor to say that when she was 14 years old she was assaulted by a school resource officer who “was there to ‘keep me safe.’”

• In North Dakota, officials in Stark County are revising the duties of the school resource officers in the Richardton-Taylor, Gladstone, Lefor, Belfield and South Heart schools.  The officers will be involved in their assigned community as well as their assigned schools.  The officers will attend commission meetings, events, and anything that’s community-oriented.  They will also run sex offender checks, and every week, they will take turns helping with 24/7, a court-ordered drug and alcohol program.

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Safety Law News for June 17, 2019

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• In Oregon, schools are battling a growing trend of teens using vapor-based tobacco products, or “vaping” on campuses.  Vaping has become so commonplace among teens; Oregon students and teachers say it happens on campuses and right in the classroom.

• In Alabama, Senate Bill 255 has become law.  Its provisions allow retired law enforcement officers to become armed school security personnel. The new school-based officers do not have to be certified by the Alabama Peace Officers’ Standards and Training Commission, as is currently required of school resource officers.

• In Illinois, the mayor of Chicago renewed her threat to remove police officers from public schools on the heels of a blistering audit that accused the Chicago Police Department of continuing to operate the program without oversight and training. 

• In New Mexico, the Rio Arriba County school resource officer, who tased an Española Valley High School student in the chest three times, never completed any of the training required for a school resource officer (SRO) in the Española School District.  The school superintendent said any future agreement with law enforcement will require officers to be trained before being placed on school campuses.

• In New Hampshire, the Hudson Police Department is deploying a canine – a 14-week-old female yellow lab –  to bring ease and comfort to students on campus.  A middle school resource officer will be the dog’s primary handler.

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Safety Law News for June 11, 2019.

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In New York, the Supreme Court, Appellate Division held that in determining whether educators breached the duty to protect students from injuries caused by the acts of fellow students, “it must be established that school authorities had sufficiently specific knowledge or notice of the dangerous conduct which caused the injury; that is, that the third-party acts could reasonably have been anticipated.”  Because of this ruling the court ordered school officials to disclose to an injured student the reports of prior incidents to determine whether school officials had actual or constructive notice of conduct similar to the assault he experienced at the High School. (M.C. v. City of New York)

In Louisiana, the Court of Appeal of Louisiana held that the single fact that an autistic child’s special needs warranted a high level of supervision at school  did not establish a claim for negligence when the student was seriously injured in a fall on stairs while at school.  The court ruled that additional evidence was needed to show that school officials and the paraprofessional did something wrong, or that their actions or any condition of the stairs caused the child’s injuries.  (Moore v. Choice Foundation)

In Texas, the United States District Court ruled that school resource officers were not to be considered a “school official” for purposes of resolving an excessive-force claim alleging Fourth Amendment violations.  Courts interpret the law to preclude claims against educators for corporal punishment on students. But the court held that parents could bring the claim against a school resource officer who tased and handcuffed, a 17-year-old special-education student.  (J.W. et al v. Katy Independent School District)

In Texas, the Governor signed into law several new school safety policies.  Senate Bill 11, instructs school districts to implement multi-hazard emergency operation plans, requires certain training for school resource officers, ensures school district employees — including substitute teachers — are trained to respond to emergencies, and establishes threat assessment teams to help identify potentially dangerous students and determine the best ways to intervene before they become violent.

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Safety Law News for June 5, 2019.

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In Mississippi, the United States District Court held that a former student’s threatened acts of violence against a high school were not protected speech under First Amendment.  The court upheld the conviction after threats against a local High School were made on the “RuneScape” game.  The game developer forwarded the threats to authorities and reached out to the high school. The court ruled that his statements were not political speech or words that could be dismissed as mere hyperbole.  (Pillault  v. United States)

In Utah, the United States District Court held that school officials were not liable for the injuries suffered by a student in a single-incident assault by other students on campus.  The court ruled that a single occurrence of an assault does not give rise to liability when educators have no knowledge of the nature of the threat.  Liability requires that school personnel fail to take action with knowledge of a known risk generally and specifically to the student.  (Misty Cox v. South Sanpete School District)

In California,  the Marin County Civil Grand Jury is recommending the hiring of more school resource officers to ensure safe learning environments for students.  Its recommendation follows previous findings that “funding SROs to serve at schools in Marin County is a sound investment, because it prevents crime and teaches students to trust and work with law enforcement officers and other authority figures.”

In Pennsylvania, teachers and support staff from the Woodland Hills School District

protested proposed job cuts fearing that the cuts would come at the expense of “teaching, safety and the emotional needs of the students.”  The reductions would target 15 elementary teachers; more than 10 secondary teachers; 14 paraprofessionals; seven climate coordinators; five special education staffers; more than 2½ secretaries; two guidance counselors; and two school resource officers.